Types of injuries – Causes caused

Causes caused & PDF treatment and treatment of wounds

Decubital ulcers

Prolapse is defined as the ulceration of the skin due to pressure in various areas of the body overlying bony prominences.

90% of decubitus ulcers are located on the lower half of the body and 2/3 of them on the buttocks and hips, while 1/3 on the lower extremities.

Pressure is the main factor when it exceeds 40mmHg. It causes ischemia, infection, necrosis in sequence.

Continuous pressure of 12 hours causes skin necrosis while 4 hours of pressure is sufficient for muscle necrosis. Visible recumbency damage represents a small part of the total damage as the skin has the greatest tolerance to the pressure causing the damage.

Friction causes skin damage, wound infection and fluid loss.

Diabetic ulcers

Diabetics have two primary factors that cause an ulcer, and then worsen the ulcer, slowing the healing process. These two factors are, nerve damage (neuropathy) and low blood flow (peripheral vascular disease). The combinations of these two symptoms can lead to countless cases that invite further diabetic ulcers.

Because of these, the ulcer worsens and begins. This happens because of low blood flow to the legs. When the body is injured, the blood supplies oxygen, proteins, and nutrients that allow the wound to heal. If blood flow is low, healing is hindered.

Arterial ulcers

Arterial or Ischemic ulcers – Make up about 10-15% of ulcers. Arteries of the lower limbs bring blood to the calves and feet. If they narrow significantly, usually due to atherosclerosis, circulation to the member will be reduced. Thus, the tissues of the foot will be deprived of oxygen and nutrients, the skin will become prone to tearing, and the ability to heal will be reduced.

Venous ulcers (due to venous stasis)

These make up over 70% of all ulcers. Every time your calf muscles move they help pump blood towards the heart, while a series of valves prevent blood from flowing backwards. If these valves fail, blood flows backwards and increases the pressure in the veins. After a while, the veins will overflow and there will be a leakage of fluid out of them at the level of venous capillaries, causing the legs to swell and the skin to become fat and damaged. In the category of ulcers due to posture we can also classify the relatively rare ulcers due to lymphedema or cardiogenic edema, because their treatment is relevant.

Burns

A burn is the destruction of the skin and underlying tissues by a thermal, chemical or electrical agent. It is perhaps the only injury that requires special treatment by a medical team specialized in its treatment. The treatment of burns varies according to the extent, depth and location of the damage and its purpose is to reintegrate the burn victim into society with as little damage as possible.

Adequate knowledge of pathophysiological disorders and acute catabolism is key to the treatment of extensive burns, while local management of the lesion requires knowledge of reconstructive surgery.

A burn can be caused by fire, sun, chemicals, hot liquids or objects, steam, electricity, and other things. A burn can be a minor medical problem or a life-threatening emergency.